F minor (Fm) chord on piano

Minor triad on F: the notes of the Fm chord are F – A♭ – C.

Root position: F4 – A♭4 – C5

What the Fm chord sounds like

A minor triad differs from a major one only in the third: it has a minor third, which gives it a darker, sadder colour. In a major key, chords ii, iii and vi are minor.

Notes of the Fm chord

Degree	Note	Interval from the root
1	F	root
3	A♭	minor third (3 semitones)
5	C	perfect fifth (7 semitones)

Root position and inversions

An inversion uses the same notes, with a different note at the bottom. When you change chords, choosing the nearest inversion keeps your hand almost still.

Root position

F4 – A♭4 – C5

1st inversion

A♭4 – C5 – F5

2nd inversion

C5 – F5 – A♭5

Which keys is it in?

The Fm chord is built from the notes of these keys (for minor keys, both the natural and the harmonic minor are considered):

F minor: i (tonic)
B♭ minor: v (dominant)
C minor: iv (subdominant)
D♭ major: iii
A♭ major: vi
E♭ major: ii

Similar chords and substitutes

If Fm is too hard, or you want a different colour in the same spot, these chords are worth a try.

Substitutes (by function)

A♭ – relative major: two shared notes
C♯ – the major chord a major third below: two shared notes
Fm7 – a fuller, softer minor colour

Richer versions

Fm7 – the same chord plus 1 colour note
Fm6 – the same chord plus 1 colour note
Fm9 – the same chord plus 2 colour notes

Frequently asked questions

What notes are in the Fm chord?

F, A♭, C. The root is F; the intervals of the other notes from the root: minor third, perfect fifth.

How do I play the Fm chord on piano?

In root position, the right hand usually plays with fingers 1, 3 and 5 (thumb, middle finger, little finger); four-note chords with fingers 1, 2, 3 and 5. The left hand mirrors this: 5, 3, 1. In an inversion the top or bottom note moves to the other side, so your hand moves less when you change chords.

How is the Fm chord written?

The chord symbol is Fm, and its full name is F minor.